Active Constituents: Xanthohumol, 8-Prenylnaringenin, Humulone

Mechanism of Action:

• GABAergic Enhancement: Acts as positive allosteric modulators of GABAA_AA​ receptors, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission, enhancing the chloride ion conductance across neuronal membranes, leading to hyperpolarization and reduced neuronal excitability.
• Melatonin Receptor Agonism: Activates MT1 and MT2 receptors, synchronizing circadian rhythms.

Implications: Facilitates sleep onset and reduces nocturnal awakenings.

• This represents a novel approach to sleep induction, targeting the GABAergic system with high specificity.
• By modulating the GABAA_AA​ receptor allosterically, we achieve precise control over inhibitory neurotransmission.

Active Constituents: Vitexin, Isovitexin, Harman Alkaloids

Mechanism of Action:

• Inhibition of Excitatory Neurotransmission: Acts as partial agonists at GABAA_AA​ receptors and inhibits glutamate release.
• MAO Inhibition: Elevates serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Implications: Reduces neuronal excitability, alleviating anxiety and promoting relaxation.

• Dual modulation of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission is unparalleled in herbal therapeutics.
• Reduces neuronal excitability, providing an immediate solution to anxiety-induced sleep disturbances.

Active Constituents: Rosmarinic Acid, Triterpenoids, Citral

Mechanism of Action:

• Modulation of GABA Metabolism: Inhibits GABA transaminase (GABA-T), increasing synaptic GABA levels.
• Cholinergic Enhancement: Inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE), boosting acetylcholine levels.

Implications: Enhances inhibitory neurotransmission, promoting relaxation.

• Targets GABA metabolism at the enzymatic level, offering precision in modulating inhibitory neurotransmission.
• Natural modulation without the adverse effects associated with synthetic GABA analogs.

Active Constituents: Withanolides (e.g., Withaferin A, Withanone)

Mechanism of Action:

• HPA Axis Modulation: Reduces cortisol levels by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
• Neurogenesis Promotion: Upregulates BDNF, enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis.

Implications: Decreases stress-induced hyperarousal, facilitating sleep initiation.

• Substantial impact on stress reduction and sleep quality, addressing a major underlying cause of insomnia.
• Enhances resilience to stress, improving overall well-being.

Active Constituents: Apigenin, Quercetin, Chrysin

Mechanism of Action:

• Benzodiazepine Receptor Modulation: Binds to benzodiazepine sites on GABAA_AA​ receptors.
• Anti-inflammatory Effects: Inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression, reducing neuroinflammation.

Implications: Produces calming effects without side effects associated with synthetic sedatives.

• Targets specific receptor subtypes for precision therapy.
• Provides sedative effects without tolerance or dependence.

Active Constituents: Linalool, Linalyl Acetate, Terpinen-4-ol

Mechanism of Action:

• Autonomic Nervous System Balance: Modulates neurotransmitter levels, enhancing parasympathetic activity.
• Ionotropic Receptor Modulation: Antagonizes NMDA receptors and potentiates GABAA_AA​ receptor activity.

Implications: Induces relaxation, reduces heart rate, and improves sleep architecture.

• Significantly improves sleep architecture by increasing time spent in deep sleep stages.
• Utilizes olfactory stimulation for systemic physiological effects.

Top Expert

Professor Andrew P. Scholey is a distinguished cognitive neuroscientist specializing in psychopharmacology and nutritional neuroscience. With a PhD in Behavioral Neuroscience and over 30 years of research experience, he is a leading figure at the Centre for Human Psychopharmacology at Swinburne University of Technology in Australia. His work has significantly advanced the understanding of how phytochemicals influence cognitive function, mood, and sleep. Professor Scholey has authored over 200 peer-reviewed articles and is known for his rigorous clinical trials investigating the neurocognitive effects of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis). His expertise in designing sophisticated neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessments makes him a foremost authority in the field.

Breakthrough Moment

In his pursuit to elucidate the cognitive-enhancing properties of herbal extracts, Professor Scholey focused on Lemon Balm due to its traditional use in reducing anxiety and promoting sleep. He hypothesized that its bioactive constituents, such as rosmarinic acid and triterpenoids, could modulate neurotransmitter systems involved in stress and cognition. Utilizing a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, he administered standardized Lemon Balm extracts to healthy human participants. Neurocognitive performance was assessed using tasks that measure attention, memory, and executive function, while mood was evaluated using the Bond-Lader visual analogue scales. Professor Scholey employed electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor neural activity, revealing that Lemon Balm induced significant increases in alpha wave activity, associated with relaxation.

Significant Findings and Impact

Professor Scholey's key insight was that Lemon Balm exerts its anxiolytic and cognitive-enhancing effects through dual modulation of the cholinergic and GABAergic systems. By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, it increases acetylcholine levels, enhancing cognitive processing speed and accuracy. Concurrently, the inhibition of GABA transaminase elevates GABA concentrations, reducing neuronal excitability and inducing calming effects. This synergistic action explains Lemon Balm's ability to improve cognitive performance under stress while promoting relaxation and sleep quality. His findings provide a neuropharmacological basis for its use as a natural therapeutic agent, offering an alternative to synthetic anxiolytics with a favorable safety profile.

Top Expert

Dr. David O. Kennedy is a renowned psychologist and neuroscientist specializing in nutritional cognitive neuroscience. Holding a PhD in Psychology, he is the Director of the Brain, Performance, and Nutrition Research Centre at Northumbria University, UK. With over 25 years of research experience, Dr. Kennedy has extensively studied the psychopharmacological effects of dietary compounds and herbal extracts on brain function. He has published over 150 peer-reviewed articles, focusing on the neurocognitive and mood effects of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) and Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis). His expertise in employing advanced neuroimaging techniques and psychometric assessments positions him as a leading authority in the field.

Breakthrough Moment

Driven by the need to find natural interventions for stress and sleep disorders, Dr. Kennedy investigated the central nervous system effects of Chamomile and Lemon Balm. He proposed that flavonoids in Chamomile, such as apigenin, act as ligands for the GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor complex, producing anxiolytic effects. Through randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, he administered standardized extracts to participants subjected to stress-inducing cognitive tasks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) were used to monitor brain activity, while cortisol levels were measured to assess physiological stress responses. His research demonstrated that these herbal extracts attenuated stress-induced cortisol secretion and modulated brain regions associated with anxiety and sleep.

Significant Findings and Impact

Dr. Kennedy's key insight was that Chamomile and Lemon Balm modulate the HPA axis and GABAergic neurotransmission, reducing stress and promoting sleep. Chamomile's apigenin binds to benzodiazepine receptors, enhancing GABA-induced chloride influx and neuronal hyperpolarization, leading to sedation. Lemon Balm's rosmarinic acid inhibits GABA transaminase, increasing GABA availability. By elucidating these mechanisms, Dr. Kennedy provided a scientific rationale for their traditional use and highlighted their potential as natural therapeutics for anxiety and sleep disorders, offering efficacy without the adverse effects associated with synthetic drugs.

Top Expert

Professor Shahin Akhondzadeh is a leading psychopharmacologist and professor of psychiatry with a PhD in Clinical Psychopharmacology. Based at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, he has over 25 years of experience researching herbal treatments for psychiatric disorders. Professor Akhondzadeh has authored more than 200 scientific papers and is highly regarded for his clinical trials on Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). His methodological rigor and contributions to evidence-based herbal psychiatry establish him as a prominent expert in the field.

Breakthrough Moment

Concerned with the side effects and dependency issues of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety, Professor Akhondzadeh explored Passionflower as a potential alternative. He conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the efficacy of Passionflower extract to oxazepam in patients diagnosed with GAD per DSM-IV criteria. Using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and monitoring adverse effects, his study revealed that Passionflower was equally effective in reducing anxiety symptoms over a four-week period, with fewer impairment-related side effects.

Significant Findings and Impact

Professor Akhondzadeh's key insight was that Passionflower acts as a partial agonist at GABA-A receptors and may inhibit GABA reuptake, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. This mechanism provides anxiolytic effects comparable to benzodiazepines but without significant sedation or dependency risks. His findings support the clinical use of Passionflower as a monotherapy or adjunctive treatment for anxiety and insomnia, offering a safer pharmacological profile and expanding therapeutic options in psychopharmacology.

Top Expert

Professor Gerhard Buchbauer is a preeminent pharmaceutical chemist with a PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Vienna, Austria. With over four decades of research experience, he specializes in the chemistry and pharmacology of essential oils and odorants. Professor Buchbauer has published extensively on the bioactivity of volatile compounds, particularly the sedative effects of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) constituents like linalool and linalyl acetate. His pioneering work in aromachology and olfactory pharmacokinetics has made him a leading authority in the field.

Breakthrough Moment

Exploring the pharmacological basis of aromatherapy, Professor Buchbauer investigated the central nervous effects of Lavender essential oil components. He utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the volatile profile and conducted receptor binding studies to assess interactions with NMDA and GABA-A receptors. In vivo studies involving inhalation exposure in rodent models demonstrated decreased locomotor activity and prolonged sleep duration induced by pentobarbital, indicating sedative properties. Additionally, he examined the biotransformation and blood-brain barrier penetration of these compounds, confirming their central activity.

Significant Findings and Impact

Professor Buchbauer's key insight was that Lavender's sedative effects result from its monoterpenes modulating ionotropic receptors in the CNS, particularly by antagonizing NMDA receptors and potentiating GABAergic transmission. This dual mechanism contributes to decreased excitatory neurotransmission and enhanced inhibitory signals, promoting relaxation and sleep. His research provides a molecular understanding of how inhaled aromatic compounds exert pharmacological effects, validating the therapeutic application of Lavender aromatherapy in managing anxiety and sleep disorders.

Top Expert

Dr. K. Chandrasekhar is a clinical psychiatrist with an MD in Psychiatry and over 20 years of experience in psychopharmacology and integrative medicine. Based at Asha Hospital in Hyderabad, India, he has focused on the clinical applications of adaptogens in stress and sleep disorders. Dr. Chandrasekhar is acclaimed for his double-blind, placebo-controlled trials on Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract, particularly its effects on cortisol levels and sleep quality. His publications have been instrumental in integrating Ayurvedic principles with modern clinical practice.

Breakthrough Moment

Observing the limitations of conventional treatments for stress-induced insomnia, Dr. Chandrasekhar investigated Ashwagandha, traditionally used for its adaptogenic properties. He hypothesized that its withanolide content could attenuate HPA axis hyperactivity. In his clinical trials, he administered high-concentration full-spectrum Ashwagandha root extract to participants with chronic stress. Assessments included serum cortisol measurements, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results indicated significant reductions in cortisol levels, decreased stress scores, and improved sleep parameters compared to placebo.

Significant Findings and Impact

Dr. Chandrasekhar's key insight was that Ashwagandha modulates neuroendocrine pathways by downregulating stress-induced cortisol production and enhancing GABAergic signaling. This adaptogenic effect restores HPA axis balance, reduces anxiety, and improves sleep architecture. His findings substantiate the use of Ashwagandha as a natural therapeutic agent for stress and insomnia, providing evidence for its efficacy and safety as an alternative to pharmacological interventions that may have undesirable side effects.

Top Expert

Dr. Leila Kheirabadi is a clinical psychologist specializing in geriatric psychiatry and sleep disorders. With a PhD from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, she has over 15 years of research experience focusing on non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia in older adults. Dr. Kheirabadi is recognized for her randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) extract in improving sleep quality among the elderly. Her work integrates phytotherapy into geriatric mental health care, addressing the complexities of treating sleep disorders in this population.

Breakthrough Moment

Challenged by the prevalence of insomnia in the elderly and the risks associated with hypnotic drugs, Dr. Kheirabadi explored Chamomile as a potential therapeutic agent. She conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving elderly participants with chronic insomnia. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and actigraphy. Her research demonstrated that participants receiving chamomile extract experienced significant improvements in sleep latency, duration, and efficiency, with no reported adverse effects.

Significant Findings and Impact

Dr. Kheirabadi's key insight was that Chamomile's sleep-promoting effects are mediated through its flavonoid apigenin, which binds to the benzodiazepine sites on GABA-A receptors, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission. This mechanism facilitates sleep initiation and maintenance without the side effects associated with benzodiazepines, such as cognitive impairment or fall risk in the elderly. Her findings advocate for the inclusion of chamomile in managing geriatric insomnia, offering a safe and effective alternative to conventional hypnotics.

Top Expert

Dr. Bernhard Uehleke is a physician and researcher specializing in naturopathy and phytotherapy, with over 35 years at Charité University Medical Center in Berlin, Germany. His expertise lies in clinical studies of herbal combinations for neuropsychiatric conditions. Dr. Uehleke has extensively studied the synergistic effects of Hops (Humulus lupulus) and Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extracts in treating sleep disorders. His contributions have significantly influenced the acceptance of herbal medicines in clinical practice.

Breakthrough Moment

Building on the traditional use of Hops and Valerian for insomnia, Dr. Uehleke conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate their combined efficacy. He hypothesized that their pharmacodynamic interaction would enhance GABAergic activity. Using polysomnography and validated sleep questionnaires, his study assessed sleep latency, continuity, and architecture. The results indicated that the herbal combination significantly improved sleep onset and quality compared to placebo, confirming a synergistic effect.

Significant Findings and Impact

Dr. Uehleke's key insight was that the combination of Hops and Valerian potentiates GABA-A receptor activity more effectively than either agent alone. Valerenic acid from Valerian inhibits the breakdown of GABA, while hop bitter acids act as positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-A receptors. This synergism enhances inhibitory neurotransmission, facilitating sleep initiation and maintenance. His findings support the clinical use of this herbal combination as an effective phytotherapeutic option for insomnia, offering a favorable side effect profile compared to synthetic hypnotics.

Top Expert

Professor Hiroyuki Toda is a neuropsychiatrist with a PhD in Medical Sciences from Osaka University, Japan. With over 30 years of experience, he specializes in the neurophysiology of sleep and the therapeutic applications of aromatherapy. Professor Toda has conducted pioneering research on the effects of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil inhalation on autonomic nervous system regulation and sleep architecture. His work employs advanced methodologies, including heart rate variability analysis and polysomnography, contributing significantly to integrative sleep medicine.

Breakthrough Moment

Seeking non-pharmacological interventions for sleep enhancement, Professor Toda investigated the impact of Lavender aromatherapy on autonomic function during sleep. He conducted controlled studies where participants were exposed to lavender scent via diffusers overnight. Autonomic activity was assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) metrics, specifically analyzing the high-frequency (HF) component indicative of parasympathetic activity. Sleep stages were monitored through polysomnography. His research demonstrated that lavender inhalation increased parasympathetic tone, reduced sympathetic arousal, and enhanced slow-wave sleep.

Significant Findings and Impact

Professor Toda's key insight was that Lavender aromatherapy exerts its sleep-promoting effects by modulating autonomic nervous system balance, shifting it toward parasympathetic dominance. The olfactory stimulation of lavender scent influences the limbic system and hypothalamus, leading to physiological relaxation responses. This mechanism explains the improvements in sleep quality and provides a scientific foundation for using aromatherapy as an effective, non-invasive treatment for sleep disorders, expanding therapeutic options beyond pharmacological interventions.

Nawkout gummies rely on natural herbs to promote GABA—a key neurotransmitter that signals the glands regulating melatonin—to support your body’s own gradual production of this sleep hormone, unlike taking melatonin directly, which bypasses this process and works faster.

• 100% Organic & All Natural
• 0% Melatonin, THC or CBD
• 0% Sugar or Sugar Alcohols

Yes, our gummies are formulated with natural, 100% organic-certified ingredients that humanity has been consuming for more than 1000s of years. We recommend consulting a healthcare professional if you have specific medical conditions or are on medication.

Many users report enhanced sleep quality within the first few nights. Individual results may vary based on personal health and lifestyle factors.